第四解，REIQ合同中的三种税-商品服务税，外国居民资本利得预扣税和土地税。

Cash flow pressure, overdue tax and unpaid suppliers can build gradually, leaving company directors unsure whether the business is experiencing a temporary setback or may be insolvent. Recognising the warning signs and seeking advice early may preserve more options and help directors reduce their personal risk. A company is generally insolvent when it cannot pay its debts as and when they fall due. Financial difficulty does not always mean a business must close, but delays in seeking advice can reduce the restructuring options available, increase business losses and expose company directors to greater personal risk. Business Owner vs Company Director: What’s the Difference? A business owner is someone who owns all or part of a business, while a company director is formally appointed to manage a company and has specific legal responsibilities. In many small businesses, the owner is also a director, but this is not always the case – for example, a sole trader is a business owner but not a company director. Company directors are expected to stay informed about the company’s financial position and take action when warning signs emerge. Ignoring the problem or continuing to incur debts without a realistic ability to pay them may expose directors to serious consequences. Common Warning Signs of Insolvency Warning signs may include ongoing losses, poor cash flow, overdue tax or superannuation, suppliers being paid outside normal terms, increasing debt, difficulty collecting money owed to the business, reliance on personal funds, incomplete financial records, payment arrangements with selected creditors, demands or court documents and suppliers moving the company to cash-on-delivery terms. No single warning sign necessarily proves insolvency. However, directors should seek an immediate review of the company’s financial position when several signs occur together, debts cannot be paid on time or the company is relying on new borrowing or personal funds to meet existing obligations. What Are a Company Director’s Responsibilities? Company directors must understand the company’s operations and financial position, ensure proper records are kept and prevent the company from trading while insolvent. If insolvency is suspected, directors should investigate promptly and obtain appropriate accounting and legal advice. Directors should not rely solely on current bank balances. Cash flow forecasts, debts falling due, tax obligations, employee entitlements, available finance and the realistic recoverability of money owed to the company may all be relevant.  What Can Happen If a Company Trades While Insolvent? Continuing to incur debts while insolvent can lead to civil penalties, compensation claims and, in serious cases, criminal consequences. Directors may also face scrutiny over transactions made shortly before an external administration, including payments that unfairly favour one creditor or transfers that remove company assets for less than their true value. What Should Company Directors Do First? Company directors should bring the company’s financial records up to date, prepare a realistic cash flow forecast and identify debts that are already overdue or will shortly fall due. This information can help professional advisers assess whether the company can continue trading and which restructuring or external administration options may remain available. Directors should also avoid selectively paying creditors or transferring assets without advice, as those transactions may later be challenged. Professional advice should be sought before entering new commitments, using personal funds, granting security, selling assets or agreeing to arrangements that may affect creditors. Could the Business Be Restructured? Depending on the company’s circumstances, options may include informal negotiations with creditors, safe harbour planning, small business restructuring, voluntary administration or liquidation. The most appropriate pathway will depend on whether the underlying business is viable, the level and type of debt, available assets and the support of key stakeholders. Early advice is important because some options require careful planning and may no longer be available once the company has exhausted its cash or creditor support. How CJM Lawyers Can Help CJM Lawyers can advise company directors experiencing financial distress, assess legal risk, explain restructuring and external administration options and work alongside accountants and registered insolvency practitioners. We can also assist with creditor negotiations, statutory demands, court proceedings and disputes involving liquidators or company transactions. If your company is struggling to pay debts when they fall due, has overdue tax or superannuation, or is relying on personal funds to meet ongoing expenses, contact CJM Lawyers early. Timely advice may help clarify whether the company is insolvent, preserve restructuring options and reduce the risk of the situation becoming more difficult to manage. Disclaimer: This article provides general information only and does not constitute legal advice. The information may not apply to your circumstances and should not be relied on as a substitute for tailored legal advice. If you need advice, please contact CJM Lawyers to speak with one of our legal professionals.

Received a termination notice from your developer? Before accepting a refund or assuming the contract is over, take steps to protect your position. When an off-the-plan development is delayed, a developer may seek to end the sale contract by relying on a sunset clause or another contractual right. The notice can appear final, but whether the termination is valid will depend on the contract, the circumstances surrounding the delay and the steps taken by each party. CJM Lawyers recently acted for a purchaser in successfully disputing a developer’s attempt to terminate an off-the-plan contract relating to the Chevron One development on the Gold Coast. The Queensland Supreme Court declared the contracts valid and binding, verifying why buyers should obtain advice before treating a termination notice as the end of a matter. 1. Do Not Immediately Accept a Refund or Sign Further Documents Accepting the return of your deposit, signing a release or agreeing that the contract has ended may affect the options available to you. Before responding, seek legal advice about what the notice means and whether the developer has a valid right to terminate. 2. Check the Deadline for Responding The notice or contract may contain strict timeframes. Record the date the notice was received and arrange an urgent review so that any response, objection or court application can be considered before a deadline passes. 3. Gather the Contract and All Supporting Documents Locate the signed contract, disclosure material, variations, extension notices, emails, letters and any updates about construction or registration. These documents can help establish what the parties agreed, what caused the delay and whether the required process was followed. 4. Review the Sunset Clause and Termination Wording A sunset date passing does not necessarily mean a developer can automatically cancel. The exact wording of the contract, any notice requirements and the relevant law must be considered together. 5. Create a Timeline of the Development Prepare a simple timeline recording key dates, promised completion dates, extensions, reported causes of delay and communications from the developer. This can help us assess whether the developer contributed to the delay or complied with its obligations. 6. Be Clear About the Outcome You Want Some buyers want the contract to remain on foot so they can complete the purchase. Others may prefer to exit and recover their deposit. Your preferred outcome will help shape the legal and commercial strategy. 7. Obtain Legal Advice Early Early advice can help you understand whether the termination is likely to be valid, identify urgent steps and avoid actions that could weaken your position. Depending on the circumstances, options may include disputing the notice, negotiating with the developer or seeking court orders. How CJM Lawyers Can Help CJM Lawyers can review your off-the-plan contract, termination notice and supporting documents, explain your options and communicate with the developer on your behalf. Our Litigation team can also represent you in negotiations and court proceedings where necessary. If a developer is trying to cancel your off-the-plan contract, contact CJM Lawyers before accepting a refund, signing further documents or walking away from a property you still want to secure. Disclaimer: This article provides general information only and does not constitute legal advice. The information may not apply to your circumstances and should not be relied on as a substitute for tailored legal advice. If you need advice, please contact CJM Lawyers to speak with one of our legal professionals.